Application effect of immersive experiential teaching strategies in the teaching of clinical anesthesiology for undergraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of immersive experiential teaching strategies in the teaching of clinical anesthesiology for undergraduates.Methods:Undergraduates majoring in 5-year clinical medicine in Air Force Medical University from January 2022 to May 2022 were enrolled as the research objects. Students were randomly divided into the immersive teaching group and the traditional teaching group, with 35 students in each. Students in the immersive teaching group underwent immersive experiential teaching strategies and the traditional teaching group received lecture-based teaching strategies. After classes, all students in these two groups took the same theoretical and operational examination, and conducted a teaching satisfaction survey and a comprehensive ability evaluation. The results were analyzed by t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS 22.0 software. Results:Students in the immersive teaching group were more satisfied with teaching (88.32±7.28 vs.70.15±7.11) ( P=0.001), and had higher scores of theorical examination (86.34±7.42 vs. 77.31±5.32) ( P=0.020) and operational examination (92.23±5.33 vs. 81.21±4.98) ( P=0.022) than those in the traditional teaching group. In addition, the scores of communication ability ( P=0.026), response ability ( P<0.001) adaptability ( P=0.007), and critical thinking ( P<0.001) in the immersive teaching group were higher than those in the traditional teaching group. Conclusion:The immersive experiential teaching strategies can effectively improve the theoretical and practical operational ability of undergraduates after completing courses of clinical anesthesiology, and can effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of students. It is worthy to be popularized in subsequent teaching abilities.

Cardiovascular physiology and autonomic heart control principles: the use of a station rotation strategy to recall basic cardiovascular knowledge among exercise science students

Abstract Aim: Cardiovascular physiology learned by exercise science students is often quickly forgotten. We tested whether a state rotation model would help students to recall key principles of Cardiovascular Physiology (CV). Methods: Seventy-one undergraduate students enrolled in the Exercise Physiology Course at the School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, participated in the study. The students were randomly assigned into one of 4 stations, dedicated to recalling the concepts of the heart as a pump (e.g. preload, post-load, and contractility; station 1) and hemodynamics (e.g. serial and parallel conductance; station 2) by using the educational tool. Heart rate (HR) control by sympathetic nervous system activation (station 3) and HR control by vagal activation (station 4) were assessed by quantifying HR response to the Stroop color and word test and during face immersion in cold water, respectively. To evaluate the efficacy of the intervention, we used a Socrative app to launch eight multiple-choice questions before (PRE) and after (POST) the student's station rotation. The questions were related to the basic principles of exercise physiology and its consequences on the cardiovascular system. Results: The 4-station average score (% of corrected answers) achieved after the station rotation was higher than the score achieved before (71.21%, SD 14.50 vs. 31.07%, SD 18.04; for POST and PRE, respectively p < 0.005). Considering specific stations, the lowest score of corrected answers before the rotation was observed at station 2- hemodynamics when compared with station 1-heart as a pump and station 3/4 - autonomic control (18.9%, SD 0.9 vs. 46.5, SD 24.1 and 34.8, SD 2.1 for hemodynamics, heart as a pump and autonomic control, respectively). Interestingly, after the rotation, there was a significant increase in corrected scores for all stations (33.9, SD 9.8; 80.5, SD 4.6 and 90.2, SD 2.3, for hemodynamics, heart as a pump, and autonomic control, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the use of the educational tool was effective to recall CV principles that are essential to a better understanding of the CV responses to exercise and applying the concepts in exercise testing and prescription for different populations.

Retos de la implementación del aprendizaje basado en equipos en los programas de medicina / The challenges of implementing team-based learning to the medical major programs

Introducción: El aprendizaje basado en equipos es una estrategia de enseñanza y de aprendizaje centrada en el alumno, en la cual el profesor tiene un rol facilitador. Este constituye un método pedagógico de aprendizaje activo que mejora la motivación hacia el aprendizaje y lleva a los alumnos a aplicar sus conocimientos para resolver problemas y combinar la teoría con la práctica. Los avances en educación médica a nivel mundial han llevado a las escuelas de medicina a optar por este tipo de estrategias. Objetivo: Identificar los retos de la implementación del aprendizaje basado en equipos en los programas de medicina. Resultados: Mediante la aplicación del aprendizaje basado en equipos en los programas de medicina, se identificaron los factores de sobrecarga laboral y de estudio con incidencia en los participantes en la estrategia, la necesidad de garantizar entrenamiento previo a los actores del proceso, la importancia de la realización de una adecuada distribución de los grupos de trabajo, y los recursos adicionales que deben garantizarse. Conclusiones: Para obtener beneficios pedagógicos de forma plena, la implementación del aprendizaje basado en equipos debe ser sistemática, lo que requiere procesos de formación y preparación, tanto de los estudiantes como de los profesores. Como cualquier cambio, demandará convicción, tiempo y ajustes a lo largo del proceso(AU)

Introduction: Team-based learning is a student-centered teaching and learning strategy, in which the teacher has the role of a facilitator. It constitutes an active learning pedagogical method that improves motivation towards learning and leads students to apply their knowledge to solve problems and combine theory with practice. Advances in medical education worldwide have led medical schools to opt for such strategies. Objective: To identify the challenges of implementing team-based learning in the medical major programs. Results: Through the application of team-based learning to the medical major programs, such factors as work and study overloads were identified as having an impact on the strategy participants, together with the need to guarantee prior training to the process stakeholders, the importance of adequate distribution of the working groups, and the additional resources that must be guaranteed. Conclusions: In order to obtain full pedagogical benefits, the implementation of team-based learning must be systematic, a process requiring training and preparation processes for both students and teachers. Like any change, it will demand conviction, time and adjustments throughout the process(AU)

Practice and optimization of pharmaceutical English teaching strategies / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Traditionally, pharmaceutical English teaching is conducted in accordance to the needs of students. However, the corresponding teaching effects were still not satisfactory enough because of the non-practicality of teaching content and the unitary teaching mode. In the current study, a new teaching mode of pharmaceutical English was put into practice in the school of pharmacy in Qiqihar Medical University. The new strategy was performed via the integration of pharmaceutical English teaching and corresponding experiments in which their own specialized characteristics were highlighted. During this program, teaching materials, contents, vocabulary training and scene training were optimized, and the executing processes, methods and contents were presented in details. Besides, evaluation system was also optimized, building a more systematic pharmaceutical English teaching strategy with the specialized characteristics. This strategy was believed to improve the practicability of pharmaceutical English , increase students' interest and enthusiasm for learning, meet the needs of specialized course and follow-up education.

La estrategia didáctica y su uso dentro del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el contexto de las bibliotecas escolares

Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer la estrategia didáctica como una herramienta que facilita el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje que lleva a cabo la persona bibliotecóloga en coordinación con el personal docente, en el contexto de las bibliotecas escolares. Se expone el cómo poderla desarrollar, así como su uso didáctico y la metodología de diseño que involucra: los objetivos, contenidos, actividades, cronograma, los recursos requeridos y los aspectos que se esperan obtener al ejecutarla. Para ilustrar cada uno de estos componentes, se aporta una propuesta de estrategia didáctica para la celebración del Día del Árbol en un centro escolar. Además, se presenta los criterios que se requieren para diseñar y desarrollar la estrategia, se reflexiona en el aporte que realiza la persona bibliotecóloga como mediadora de la información, con respecto a la construcción de objetivos que den respuesta al contexto donde se desenvuelve profesionalmente, el seguimiento que se da a un proceso donde se sistematizan y evalúan los resultados, procurando brindar información significativa a las personas usuarias, y el papel de liderazgo que puede asumir en los diferentes procesos de formación que se ejecutan en una biblioteca escolar.

This article aims to present the teaching strategy as a tool that facilitates the process of teaching and learning that makes the librarian, in coordination with the teaching staff, in the context of school libraries. Concepts for develop it are exposed, also their educational use and the design methodology that encloses: the objectives, content, activities, schedule, resources required and the aspects to be obtained as result. To illustrate each of these components, a teaching strategy proposal for Arbor Day celebration in a school is provided; also the criteria required to design and develop the strategy is presented, reflect on the contribution made librarianship as a mediator of information, with respect to the construction of objectives that respond to the context in which it operates professionally, the monitoring given to a process where systematize and evaluate the results, seeking to provide meaningful information to the users, and the leadership role that can take on the different formation processes running on a School Library.

Estratégias de ensino utilizadas no desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico na enfermagem: revisão integrativa / Teaching strategies without development of Critical Thinking in nursing: integrated review

Pensamento Crítico (PC) compreende os processos mentais que as pessoas põem em ação para tomar decisões e resolver problemas. A importância das habilidades de PC para a prática do cuidado em enfermagem está bem documentada na literatura nacional e internacional, entretanto o entendimento de quais são essas habilidades e de das estratégias para seu desenvolvimento no ensino superior em enfermagem ainda é incipiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar as estratégias utilizadas no ensino do PC nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem de acordo com a sua presença na literatura científica, no período de 2012 a 2016. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, baseada na Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC ProQuest. A amostra constituiu-se de 20 artigos e a análise permitiu identificar as estratégias: mapa conceitual, método ou estudo de caso, simulação, jogos, método de questionamento e respostas, redação reflexiva, composições de canções, escrita de poesias, role-play, tempestade de ideias, discussão em grupo, apresentação de plano de cuidados em enfermagem, ambiente de aprendizagem web móvel e e-learning: história em quadrinhos, utilizadas para desenvolver as habilidades de PC. Os resultados apontam que a perspectiva filosófica de PC mais ligada ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico é hegemônica no ensino superior em enfermagem. Além disso, o entendimento sobre o que é PC e suas habilidades especificas para a pratica do cuidado em enfermagem ainda carece de certo consenso, pois a maioria dos estudos identificados não explicitaram quais habilidades de PC que buscavam desenvolver através das estratégias de ensino propostas, ao passo que foram utilizados instrumentos de avaliação específicos para PC, o que pode trazer implicações negativas para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem

Critical Thinking (CT) comprises the mental processes that people put into action to make decisions and solve problems. The importance of CT skills for the practice of nursing care is well documented in the national and international literature, however the understanding of what these skills and the strategies for their development in nursing higher education are still incipient. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the strategies used in teaching the CT in undergraduate nursing courses according to their presence in the scientific literature, from 2012 to 2016. This is an exploratory descriptive research based on the Review Integrative of Literature. We searched the databases CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC ProQuest. The sample consisted of 20 articles and the analysis allowed to identify the strategies: conceptual map, method or case study, simulation, games, method of questioning and answers, reflexive writing, song compositions, poetry writing, role play, Brainstorming, group discussion, nursing care plan presentation, mobile web learning environment and e-learning: comics used to develop CT skills. The results point out that the philosophical perspective of CT more related to the development of logical reasoning is hegemonic in higher education in nursing. Furthermore, the understanding of what CT is and its specific skills for nursing practice still lacks a certain consensus, since most of the studies identified did not explain what PC skills they sought to develop through the teaching strategies proposed, and that specific assessment tools for CT were used, which may have negative implications for the teaching-learning process

Estratégias de ensino utilizadas no desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico na enfermagem: revisão integrativa / Teaching strategies without development of Critical Thinking in nursing: integrated review

Pensamento Crítico (PC) compreende os processos mentais que as pessoas põem em ação para tomar decisões e resolver problemas. A importância das habilidades de PC para a prática do cuidado em enfermagem está bem documentada na literatura nacional e internacional, entretanto o entendimento de quais são essas habilidades e de das estratégias para seu desenvolvimento no ensino superior em enfermagem ainda é incipiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar as estratégias utilizadas no ensino do PC nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem de acordo com a sua presença na literatura científica, no período de 2012 a 2016. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva, baseada na Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. Realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC ProQuest. A amostra constituiu-se de 20 artigos e a análise permitiu identificar as estratégias: mapa conceitual, método ou estudo de caso, simulação, jogos, método de questionamento e respostas, redação reflexiva, composições de canções, escrita de poesias, role-play, tempestade de ideias, discussão em grupo, apresentação de plano de cuidados em enfermagem, ambiente de aprendizagem web móvel e e-learning: história em quadrinhos, utilizadas para desenvolver as habilidades de PC. Os resultados apontam que a perspectiva filosófica de PC mais ligada ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico é hegemônica no ensino superior em enfermagem. Além disso, o entendimento sobre o que é PC e suas habilidades especificas para a pratica do cuidado em enfermagem ainda carece de certo consenso, pois a maioria dos estudos identificados não explicitaram quais habilidades de PC que buscavam desenvolver através das estratégias de ensino propostas, ao passo que foram utilizados instrumentos de avaliação específicos para PC, o que pode trazer implicações negativas para o processo de ensino-aprendizagem

Critical Thinking (CT) comprises the mental processes that people put into action to make decisions and solve problems. The importance of CT skills for the practice of nursing care is well documented in the national and international literature, however the understanding of what these skills and the strategies for their development in nursing higher education are still incipient. The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the strategies used in teaching the CT in undergraduate nursing courses according to their presence in the scientific literature, from 2012 to 2016. This is an exploratory descriptive research based on the Review Integrative of Literature. We searched the databases CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC ProQuest. The sample consisted of 20 articles and the analysis allowed to identify the strategies: conceptual map, method or case study, simulation, games, method of questioning and answers, reflexive writing, song compositions, poetry writing, role play, Brainstorming, group discussion, nursing care plan presentation, mobile web learning environment and e-learning: comics used to develop CT skills. The results point out that the philosophical perspective of CT more related to the development of logical reasoning is hegemonic in higher education in nursing. Furthermore, the understanding of what CT is and its specific skills for nursing practice still lacks a certain consensus, since most of the studies identified did not explain what PC skills they sought to develop through the teaching strategies proposed, and that specific assessment tools for CT were used, which may have negative implications for the teaching-learning process

Final test analysis and teaching reflection of clinical diagnostics / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To evaluate the quality of the examination paper of the theory of Clinical Diagnostics,to explore and reflect on the teaching methods,so as to improve the quality of teaching.Methods Finals results of Clinical Diagnostics including 40 clinical undergraduates of Capital Medical University were analyzed.SPSS 20.0 was used to make analysis of the frequency,means statistics and normality of the examination paper.Kuder Richardson/Cmnbacha formula,percentage unification methods and so on were used to calculate confidence,validity,difficulty and degrees of distinction.Acquisition of relevant knowledge was assessed according to score distribution,while test paper quality was evaluated based on indicators including confidence,validity,difficulty and degrees of distinction.Results Test scores of 40 students were between 61 to 96 (83.64 ± 8.07).The degree of confidence (γ) for choice questions and subjective questions was 0.65 and 0.59 respectively;The validity (V) was 0.27;The overall difficulty (P) of the examination was 0.84;The degrees of distinction (D) were between 0.16 to 0.30.And the total points losing rate was 16.36％.Conclusion The examination is of medium difficulty and good degree of distinction,but the teaching strategies still need further adjustment in order to improve the students' ability of flexible application of the basic knowledge.

The narrative turn in doctor-patient communication research and cultivation of medical students' medical narrative competence / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Effective medical practice in the bio-psycho-social medical model calls for the doctor's narrative and communicative skills.The gradual application of narratives in medical practice and research facilitates the combination of narrative methods with medical science.The narrative medicine movement greatly promotes the narrative turn in the research of doctor-patient communication and provides a new perspective in medical humanities education.In the process of doctor-patient communication,the appropriate use of doctors' high narrative competence contributes to effective doctorpatient communication and helps to build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.In medical education,the teaching strategy of combining classroom teaching with clinical probation teaching should be adopted to cultivate and enhance medical students' medical narrative competence.

Study on the strategy of effective application of informationization teaching resources / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Informationization teaching resources contain a large number of information so rea-sonable and effective application of the resources is of great significance to the teaching. The article tries to explore and work out some teaching strategies for effective application of informationization teaching resources through action research combined with literature research , questionnaire survey method , interview and other methods. The research process: the original teaching strategies of infor-mationization teaching resources were implemented , implicated and verified in the first round action research; the problems in the first round were summarized and analyzed and the original teaching strategies were adjusted and optimized in the next round action research; finally, the teaching effec-tiveness between the two rounds action research was evaluated and analyzed by the “classroom teach-ing effectiveness criteria based on the use of information technology teaching resources”. The results show that effective application of informationization teaching resources is of great help to the teaching effect. It can enhance the learners' interest in learning and improve their academic performance. Ap-propriate and rational teaching strategy should be provided flexibly according to the learning back-ground and characteristics of students as well as learning contents.

Estrategia docente para vincular los contenidos con los requerimientos del modelo profesional / Teaching strategy to interrelate the contents with the requirements of the professional model

Introducción: se presenta una estrategia docente para lograr una mayor vinculación de los contenidos con los requerimientos del modelo profesional en el perfil Sistemas de Información en Salud, que tuvo como antecedente una investigación anterior donde se precisaron causas de bajas y desmotivación. Para ello se revisó el currículo de la carrera, las indicaciones metodológicas y de organización y resoluciones y orientaciones metodológicas del Ministerio de Educación Superior. Objetivo: elaborar una estrategia docente para lograr una mayor vinculación de los contenidos con los requerimientos del modelo profesional en el perfil Sistemas de Información en Salud. Métodos: se emplearon métodos teóricos como el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético e inductivo-deductivo. Como métodos empíricos, análisis de documentos y la observación. Resultados: se diseña una estrategia docente que propicia el desarrollo de conocimientos y habilidades asociadas con las funciones del egresado y los llamados problemas profesionales a resolver, con inclusión de actividades de extensión universitaria, que facilitan la participación en diferentes manifestaciones culturales y deportivas que permitan la recreación y elevación de su nivel cultural general. Todo ello propiciará una mejor motivación del estudiantado. Conclusiones: la estrategia se corresponde con el diagnóstico realizado y los problemas que se afrontan, y contribuye al desarrollo de las competencias declaradas en el perfil, y que le permitirán adoptar decisiones acordes al contexto social-laboral.

Introduction: a teaching strategy is carried out to achieve a greater interrelation of the contents with the requirements of the professional model in the Health Information Systems career. This one has its bases on a previous research work where the lack of motivation and the causes why the students drop out the career were diagnosed. The curriculum of the career, methodological and organizational regulations and the methodological guidelines of the Higher Education Ministry were reviewed. Objectives: to elaborate a teaching strategy to achieve a greater interrelation of the contents with the requirements of the professional model in the Health Information Systems career. Methods: there were used theoretical methods such as historical-logical, analytic-synthetic and inductive-deductive. And the empiric methods used were: analysis of documents and the observation. Outcomes: a teaching strategy is design to facilitate the knowledge development and the associated skills with the graduate functions and the so called professional problems to be solved, including extracurricular university activities, which facilitate the participation in different sports and cultural activities that allow the elevation of their general culture, propitiating a greater motivation in the students. Conclusions: the strategy matches the problems detected in the diagnoses and contributes to the development of their professional competences which allow them to take decisions according to the socio-working context.

Discussions on current situations and strategies for case teaching among medical marketing majors / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Questionnaire survey of case teaching was conducted among medical marketing majors,the results showed that case method was widely used in the teaching for medical marketing majors and was approved by most students,however,deficiencies still existed including lack of required teaching skills,outdated teaching concept,low-quality cases,inappropriate teaching methods,few participation,etc.To solve these problems,during the preparation and implementation of case teaching,teachers must update their teaching concept,participate in more training programs,improve case qualities,reengineer case activities and evaluate the effects at each phase.

Propuesta de estrategia docente del Módulo Análisis de la Situación de Salud de la especialidad de Medicina General Integral para venezolanos / Proposed teaching strategy of the Health Situation Analysis module in the comprehensive general medicine specialty for Venezuelan physicians

Se presenta una propuesta de estrategia docente del módulo de ASIS, que partió de una investigación anterior en la que se evaluaron conocimientos y habilidades adquiridos por los residentes venezolanos de MGI del estado Trujillo. Para ello se revisó el plan de estudios de la especialidad y del módulo Análisis de la situación de salud (ASIS), y se aplicó una entrevista a expertos que de conjunto con la aplicación de métodos teóricos permitieron la contrastación de la información y la elaboración de la estrategia. Los expertos plantearon que las formas organizativas de enseñanza y el tiempo planificado afectan el logro del objetivo, que es insuficiente la vinculación teórico-práctica y deficiencias en el sistema evaluativo. Se presenta como producto final una estrategia metodológica sustentada en la utilización de diversas formas organizativas de enseñanza, un sistema de tareas docentes y en cambios en el sistema de evaluación

A teaching strategy for the Health Situation Analysis (HSA), which stemmed from a previous research on the knowledge and skills acquired by the Venezuelan Comprehensive General Medicine residents in Trujillo state, was submitted in this paper. To this end, the review of the specialty curriculum and the HAS module, together with the administration of interviews to experts and the implementation of theoretical methods allowed contrasting the information collected with the drawing up of the strategy. The experts stated that the organizational forms of teaching and the time schedule were against the attainment of the objective, the linking of theory and practice was inadequate, and the evaluation systems had failures. The end product presented here is a methodological strategy supported on the use of several organizational forms of teaching, on a teaching task system and on a set of changes in the evaluation system

Evaluación de una estrategia docente para las prácticas de laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica en Medicina / Evaluation of a teaching strategy for lab practices of medical microbiology and parasitology in Medicine

Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de una estrategia didáctica diseñada para las clases prácticas de laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, en la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina. Métodos: la estrategia didáctica se sustentó en la enseñanza basada en problemas y el principio del aprendizaje cooperativo. La evaluación abarcó 5 cursos académicos (septiembre 2004 a julio 2009) e incluyó a la población de estudiantes matriculados en dichos cursos. Se analizaron los resultados docentes alcanzados en las clases prácticas de laboratorio y la retención de los conocimientos prácticos adquiridos por los estudiantes en la prueba final de la asignatura, los que se compararon con los datos históricos del curso 2002-2003 mediante tablas de contingencia y el estadígrafo c2 de Pearson. Las calificaciones y su calidad en el examen final se evaluaron por correlación (r) por rangos de Spearman. Se consideraron las diferencias significativas para p< 0,05. Resultados: la estrategia constó de 3 acciones básicas: a) enfoque del problema o tarea experimental; b) ejecución del experimento; c) control y evaluación del proceso. Durante el periodo evaluado las calificaciones y la calidad en las clases prácticas de laboratorio se comportaron estables y fueron significativamente superiores (p< 0,001) a las alcanzadas en el curso 2002-2003. Paralelamente, se encontró una frecuencia menor de errores en la prueba final de la asignatura en contenidos que tributaron a objetivos prácticos (p< 0,001). Conclusiones: la estrategia docente aplicada potenció el trabajo grupal, favoreció el rendimiento académico y la retención de los conocimientos relacionados con las principales esencialidades prácticas de la asignatura.

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of a didactic strategy designed for lab practices in Microbiology and Medical Parasitology at the Latin American Medical School. Methods: the didactic strategy was based on problem-based teaching and the principle of cooperative learning. The evaluation covered 5 academic courses (September 2004 to July 2009) in which the population of students registered in these courses was involved. The final academic results of the practical lab classes as well as the retention of acquired practical knowledge by the students reflected in the final test were analyzed; then they were compared with the historical data from the 2002-2003 academic year, using the contingency tables and the Pearson´s c2. The marks and the quality of the final exam were evaluated with Spearman´s rank correlations (r). The significant differences were considered for p< 0,05. Results: the strategy consisted of 3 basic actions: a) the approach of the problem or experimental task; b) carrying out the experiment; c) control and evaluation of the process. During the evaluative period, the marks and the quality of the practical lab classes were stable and significantly higher than those of the 2002-2003 course. At the same time, there was lower frequency of mistakes in the final test of the subject in terms of contents related to practical objectives (p< 0,001). Conclusions: the educational strategy encouraged the teamwork, and favoured the academic performance and the retention of knowledge about the practical essentials of the subject.

Análisis del programa de la asignatura Pediatría en cuarto año de Medicina / Analysis of program related to Pediatrics subject in the fourth year of Medicine career

Se realiza un análisis de la asignatura Pediatría que se imparte en el séptimo semestre de la carrera Medicina en el policlínico universitario, ahora con algunas modificaciones para impartir el plan de estudio tradicional. Se exponen algunos elementos críticos en relación con los componentes no personales del programa de esta asignatura resaltando nuestras valoraciones y consideraciones al respecto a través del método de análisis de documentos normativos de la Educación Médica Superior. Concluimos que este programa en sentido general responde al interés de contribuir a la formación de un Médico General Integral Básico capaz de reconocer la importancia de la medicina familiar en la solución de los problemas de salud de la comunidad y en especial de la atención integral al niño. El plan para la formación de médicos generales básicos en Cuba satisface en grado considerable la proyección estratégica empleada

An analysis of Pediatrics subject giving in seventh semester of the Medicine career in University Polyclinic, nowadays with some modifications to give the traditional study plan. Some essential elements are showed related to the non-personal components of program of this subject emphasizing our assessments and considerations in this respect by analytical method of normative documents of the Higher Medical Education. We concluded that this program in general account for the interest to contribute to training of Basic Integral General Physician able to recognize the significance of the family medicine to solve the community health problems and specially the child integral care. The plan for the basic general physicians in Cuba meets in a marked grade the strategic projection used

Mediación metacognitiva, estrategias de enseñanza y procesos de pensamiento del docente de Medicina / Cognitive mediation, teaching strategies and thought processes of Medicine professor

Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la mediación metacognitiva sobre las estrategias de enseñanza de los docentes del Área Básica del Decanato de Medicina de la Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado", para interpretar los procesos de pensamiento subyacentes. Esta investigación positivista fundamentada en la teoría cognitiva del aprendizaje, presenta una complementación interpretativa para obtener un conocimiento integral de la naturaleza de los hechos estudiados. Participaron 23 docentes en un programa sobre mediación metacognitiva de 48 h académicas. Se recopiló información sobre los procesos de pensamiento en su acción docente y las estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas. Se evaluó el efecto de la intervención durante y al final de ella. Métodos: grupos de discusión, observación participante y no participante, entrevistas en profundidad, estimulación del recuerdo y cuatro cuestionarios PP-EE (procesos de pensamiento y estrategias de enseñanza) con una confiabilidad r=0,80-0,98. Se emplearon estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido. Resultados: inicialmente predominó un estilo de pensamiento poco autorregulado y el uso de estrategias de enseñanza tradicional; durante y posterior a la mediación, hubo un cambio de actitud conciente al usar estas estrategias novedosas para enseñar y aprender; se demostró la validez de este programa. Al triangular y teorizar, derivaron dos modelos: estilos de pensamiento docente y una integración pedagógica de las habilidades del pensamiento, estrategias de enseñanza y contenidos. Se recomienda la evaluación intencional de la ejecución académica docente como estrategia de autorregulación para una correcta interpretación del proceso instruccional.

This study evaluated the metacognitive mediation effect on teaching strategies used by Professor of the Basic Area of Medicine Program of Decanato de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado". This positive research is based on Cognitive Learning Theory. It presents an interpretative complement to get an integral knowledge of the nature of studied facts. 23 professors participated on a 28 academic hours Metacognitive Mediation Program. It was taking information of thought process on teaching action and teaching strategies used. The effect of the intervention was evaluated during and at the end of its application. Techniques and instruments: discussion groups, participant observation, no participant observation, interviews, memory stimuli and four TP-TS questionnaire (Thought Process and Teaching Strategies). Feasibility r= 0.80-0.98). Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used. Results: at the beginning a thought style little self-regulated and the use of traditional teaching strategies prevailed. During and after mediation there was a conscious attitude shift when using these strategies to teach and to learn. Program validity was shown. Two models were derived when triangulating and theorizing: Professors Thought Styles and Pedagogical Integration of Thought Skills, Teaching Strategies and Contents. It is recommended intentional evaluation of academic performance as self-regulated strategy for a right interpretation of the instructional process.

La tutoría académica en la educación universitaria: una experiencia en el núcleo de Actividad Física, del área de Movimiento y Postura en el programa de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia / Academic tutoring in higher education: an experience in the physical activity core, movement and posture program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia

La Facultad de Medicina de La Universidad de Antioquia viene implementando un nuevo currículo, donde uno de los pilares fundamentales es el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante; con el cual, pretende formar profesionales autónomos, integrales, que participen en la construcción del conocimiento y felices con su proyecto vida. Esta forma de mirar y abordar la educación médica, exige la implementación de estrategias didácticas que incentiven el aprendizaje autónomo, una de ellas es la tutoría. La principal pretensión de la tutoría es el autoaprendizaje por parte del estudiante, lo que potencia la autonomía, la habilidad en la solución de problemas, la creatividad, el pensamiento crítico, el razonamiento y la metacognición; mientras que, el tutor se desempeña como un orientador de la formación integral del estudiante.La implementación de la tutoría, en el área de movimiento y postura del plan de estudio de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Antioquia, ha tenido gran acogida por los estudiantes y profesores del curso; es de resaltar, el interés que los estudiantes muestran durante el desarrollo de éste, lo cual incentiva su creatividad y su capacidad de ingeniar diferentes ayudas didácticas para lograr una mayor comprensión del conocimiento.

The faculty of medicine, University of Antioquia is in the process of implementing a new curriculum; one of its bases is the student-centered learning with the aim of preparing autonomous, integral professionals that take part in knowledge buildup and are satisfied with their life project. This form of looking at and approaching medical education asks for teaching strategies that stimulate autonomous learning; one of them is tutoring. This strategy aims at self-learning to enhance autonomy, ability in problem-solving, creativity, critical thought, reasoning and meta-cognition; the tutor orients the integral training of the student. Tutoring in the area of movement and posture has been very well received in the faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia; the interest exhibited by students should be emphasized; their creativity and ability to come up with different teaching aids for better acquisition of knowledge are enhanced

Teaching and Learning Strategies of PBL / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: Problem-Based Learning is an effective teaching and learning method enabling the students to achieve problem solving skills, use information effectively, carry productive intelligence, think creatively, learn teamwork and responsibility. Also, students take the initiative of the class and by learning the method of self-directed learning, it will eventually lead to life time education. The purpose of this study was to develop effective teaching and learning strategy of Problem-Based Learning. METHODS: The study is a case study using investigative method and questionnaires, class observation check list, and teachers' evaluation sheets of the students. The subject of this study was 83 students and 19 tutors of Yonsei University College of Medicine. RESULTS: The characteristics of positive module in Problem-Based Learning are; students show good teamwork during the class, students are motivated and find interest in the subject, the data and materials given to the students is very useful in solving the problem. Most important element of Problem-Based Learning interaction is the number of questions asked by the students and the difficulty of the modules has no relation to the interaction of tutors and students. Students heavily rely on using textbooks during their self-regulated learning. And the elements greatly effecting the learning environment are physical environment and the use of humor in class. CONCLUSION: Tutors and students should use the teaching strategy('C-O-I-Q') and the learning strategy('M-R-I-Q') to facilitate the interaction of tutors and students, activate students' discussion and foster class climate.

'Global Citizenship' Course in Premedical Year Development and Outcome of Manner Program for Future Physicians / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: This study aims to introduce a one semester 'Global Citizenship' program, being offered as a part of the premedical course at Gachon Medical School. The program was designed to meet the community needs in terms of etiquette and manner education for the future physicians and also to review the outcome of short-term experience. METHODS: The program was offered to M1(premedical students year-1) students from the first semester after entrance to the school with following objectives: to understand the anthropological aspect of culture, to motivate students in relation to medical scientific foundation, and to develop the appropriate human relations, including international etiquette and manners, prior to the subinternship in M5(medical student year-3). RESULTS: The program consisted of 12 sessions of lectures and/or practice-based learning such as etiquette for dormitory life, Korean traditional culture, gender role in the 21st century, dining etiquette in various cultural programs, netiquette(for computer usage), Korean housing and its architectural beauty, etiquette for alcoholic beverage drinking, dressing, and the respect and understanding of other cultures, services and manners. They were all instructed with presentations combined with site-visits or hands-on experience followed by a reflection paper and group discussion. Although the program was costly and time-consuming compared to the traditional theory-based natural science and humanity subjects, students expressed their strong motivation and concerns on their future responsibilities. CONCLUSION: We conclude that "Global Citizenship" course is a useful program to provide a meaningful motivation to the newly enrolled students, Further, it encourages students to understand human relations as a global citizen equipped with the appropriate etiquette and manners.